This process triggers chemical or electrical signals that either stimulate or inhibit activity in the neuron receiving the signal. Like a key fitting into a lock, each neurotransmitter molecule then binds to specific receptor sites on a dendrite of a nearby neuron. When a neuron receives signals from other neurons, it generates an electrical charge that travels down the length of its axon and releases neurotransmitter chemicals across a tiny gap, called a synapse. Neurons are constantly in touch with neighboring brain cells. The function and survival of neurons depend on several key biological processes: The axon is a cable-like structure at the end of the cell body opposite the dendrites and transmits messages to other neurons.Dendrites are branch-like structures that extend from the cell body and collect information from other neurons.The cell body contains the nucleus, which houses the genetic blueprint that directs and regulates the cell’s activities.Most neurons have three basic parts: a cell body, multiple dendrites, and an axon. Alzheimer’s disease disrupts this communication among neurons, resulting in loss of function and cell death. They send messages between different parts of the brain, and from the brain to the muscles and organs of the body. The healthy human brain contains tens of billions of neurons-specialized cells that process and transmit information via electrical and chemical signals.
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